{"statusCode":200,"status":"ok","data":[{"uuid":"69b43539-5475-40d1-99af-c9bdc66b36cf","createdAt":"2021-09-17T16:26:13.000Z","updatedAt":"2021-09-17T16:40:48.000Z","handle":"doi:10.1101/2021.09.09.459577","title":"A virus-encoded microRNA contributes to evade innate immune response during SARS-CoV-2 infection","authors":"Meetali Singh, Maxime Chazal, Piergiuseppe Quarato, Loan Bourdon, Christophe Malabat, Thomas Vallet, Marco Vignuzzi, Sylvie van der Werf, Sylvie Behillil, Flora Donati, Nathalie Sauvonnet, Giulia Nigro, Maryline Bourgine, Nolwenn Jouvenet, Germano Cecere","isPublished":true,"abstractText":"SARS-CoV-2 infection results in impaired interferon response in severe COVID-19 patients. However, how SARS-CoV-2 interferes with host immune response is incompletely understood. Here, we sequenced small RNAs from SARS-CoV-2-infected human cells and identified a micro-RNA (miRNA) encoded in a recently evolved region of the viral genome. We show that the virus-encoded miRNA produces two miRNA isoforms in infected cells by the enzyme Dicer and they are loaded into Argonaute proteins. Moreover, the predominant miRNA isoform targets the 3’UTR of interferon-stimulated genes and represses their expression in a miRNA-like fashion. Finally, the two viral miRNA isoforms were detected in nasopharyngeal swabs from COVID-19 patients. We propose that SARS-CoV-2 employs a virus-encoded miRNA to hijack the host miRNA machinery and evade the interferon-mediated immune response.\n\n### Competing Interest Statement\n\nG.C. is an inventor on related CoV2-miR-7a miRNAs European patent application EP 21305192.3 submitted in February 2021. All the other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","preprintServer":"bioRxiv","datePosted":"2021-09-09T00:00:00.000Z","license":null,"publication":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.09.459577v1","contentEncoding":"application/pdf","contentUrl":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2021/09/09/2021.09.09.459577.full.pdf","rapidReviews":[{"uuid":"061c32b7-3da6-4552-96fd-fad48c240fa1","createdAt":"2021-09-17T16:40:48.000Z","updatedAt":"2021-09-17T16:40:48.000Z","author":{"uuid":"ab75098d-cff8-4cd2-a1be-2e0a6f91ea96","createdAt":"2021-08-30T17:04:33.000Z","updatedAt":"2021-08-30T17:08:08.000Z","name":"Ultramarine Dolphin","isAnonymous":true,"isLocked":false,"isFlagged":false,"bio":"","avatar_encoding":null},"preprint":378,"isPublished":false,"isFlagged":false,"ynNovel":"yes","ynFuture":"yes","ynReproducibility":"yes","ynMethods":"yes","ynCoherent":"yes","ynLimitations":"yes","ynEthics":"N/A","ynNewData":"yes","ynRecommend":"yes","ynPeerReview":"yes","ynAvailableCode":"N/A","ynAvailableData":"no","linkToData":null,"coi":null}],"fullReviews":[{"uuid":"2733857f-e74e-47d7-a49d-0f5094d07f55","createdAt":"2021-09-17T16:56:16.000Z","updatedAt":"2021-09-17T16:56:19.000Z","isPublished":true,"isFlagged":false,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.5514037","drafts":[{"uuid":"b08c7524-2b8e-416e-9e58-5428bc85c1c2","createdAt":"2021-09-17T16:56:16.000Z","updatedAt":"2021-09-17T16:56:16.000Z","parent":175,"contents":"<div class=\"ql-editor\" data-gramm=\"false\" contenteditable=\"true\" data-placeholder=\"Start typing...\"><p>In this preprint, Singh et al. identify two novel small RNA transcripts produced during SARS-COV-2 infection. The authors go on to demonstrate Dicer-mediated miR-7a production, gene-specific targeting of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) during the course of infection, and use bioinformatic analyses from clinical isolates to demonstrate these miR transcripts are not a cell culture artifact. </p><p>Methodology is well-described and conclusions are well justified. The manuscript's one limitation is a loss of function study in which the authors mutate the endogenous MiR-7a sequences and evaluating whether they see decreases in ISG expression or diminished virulence of the mutant strain. Still, the present work demonstrates a novel and compelling discovery that will contribute to our emerging understanding of host-pathogen interactions during SARS-CoV-2 infection. </p></div><div class=\"ql-clipboard\" contenteditable=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"></div><div class=\"ql-tooltip ql-hidden\"><a class=\"ql-preview\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"about:blank\"></a><input type=\"text\" data-formula=\"e=mc^2\" data-link=\"https://quilljs.com\" data-video=\"Embed URL\"><a class=\"ql-action\"></a><a class=\"ql-remove\"></a></div><div class=\"ql-cursors\"></div>"}],"authors":[{"uuid":"ab75098d-cff8-4cd2-a1be-2e0a6f91ea96","createdAt":"2021-08-30T17:04:33.000Z","updatedAt":"2021-08-30T17:08:08.000Z","name":"Ultramarine Dolphin","isAnonymous":true,"isLocked":false,"isFlagged":false,"bio":"","avatar_encoding":null}],"preprint":378}],"requests":[],"communities":[],"tags":[]}]}